Pretty Pea

MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS

Mushrooms are described as macro-fungi and are considered as nutritionally functional foods and source of physiologically beneficial medicines. 

Mushrooms have been used extensively, owing to their nutritional and medicinal value, for thousands of years. Modern research confirms the therapeutic effect of traditionally used species.

Mushrooms are new potential sources of valuable medicines

Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries.

Edible mushrooms have been cherished worldwide because of their nutraceutical and medicinal properties.

Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, the building blocks of vital proteins.

Throughout history, mushrooms have occupied an inseparable part of the diet in many countries. Mushrooms are considered a rich source of phytonutrients such as polysaccharides, dietary fibers, and other micronutrients, in addition to various essential amino acids, which are building blocks of vital proteins.

Medicinal mushrooms including are considered new-generation foods characterised by a high content of biologically active compounds, including -β-d-glucans, which are classified as dietary fibre, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, and sterols.

Thanks to their low-fat content, they are a low-calorie product and are classified as a functional food.

They have a beneficial effect on the organism through the improvement of its overall health and nutritional level.

The biologically active constituents contained in medicinal mushrooms exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these mushrooms accelerate metabolism, help fight obesity, and slow down the ageing processes thanks to their high antioxidant activity. 

Research has also shown that alongside their immune support, bioactive components and extracts derived from mushrooms exhibit strong anti-cancer activities along with anti-bacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and hepatoprotective effects.

Several bioactive metabolites present in mushrooms possess a range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-COVID-19 activities.

Medicinal mushrooms possess a variety of important strong therapeutic and biological activities biological activities and are used as antioxidants, hepatoprotectors, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antiviral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial agents, among others. 

In general, mushrooms offer a wide range of health benefits with a large spectrum of pharmacological properties, including antidiabetic, antioxidative, antiviral, antibacterial, osteoprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, etc.

They are recognized as the new superfood for the future due to their low-calorie content, high-protein content, low lipid levels, low cholesterol levels, and abundance of essential vitamins.

The fruiting body of edible mushrooms contains a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites.

There is a large variety of medicinal mushrooms which possess significant therapeutic properties and are used as medications for various diseases because they contain several novel highly bioactive components.  

The multifunctional activities of the mushroom extracts and the targeted potential of each of the compounds in the extracts have a broad range of applications, especially in the healing and repair of various organs and cells in humans.

Owing to the presence of these properties and rich phytocomposition, mushrooms are being used in the production of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. 

Medicinal mushrooms including are considered new-generation foods characterised by a high content of biologically active compounds, including -β-d-glucans, which are classified as dietary fibre, triterpenes, phenolic compounds, and sterols.

Thanks to their low-fat content, they are a low-calorie product and are classified as a functional food.

They have a beneficial effect on the organism through the improvement of its overall health and nutritional level.

The biologically active constituents contained in medicinal mushrooms exhibit anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, these mushrooms accelerate metabolism, help fight obesity, and slow down the ageing processes thanks to their high antioxidant activity. 

Medicinal mushrooms have important health benefits and exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antiallergic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiviral, cytotoxic, immunomodulating, antidepressive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic, digestive, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, nephroprotective, osteoprotective, and hypotensive activities.

Different mushrooms have a variety of biological and pharmacologically active molecules which is why the Pretty Pea organic Mushroom Immunity formula combines 5 mushroom varieties, Chaga, Shiitake, Maitake, Lion’s Mane and Reishi plus Piperine for optimum absorption.

Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to damaging factors, e.g. physical, chemical and pathogenic. Deficiencies of antioxidants, vitamins, and microelements, as well as physiological processes, such as aging, can affect the body’s ability to resolve inflammation.

Mushrooms are rich in anti-inflammatory components, such as polysaccharides, phenolic and indolic compounds, mycosteroids, fatty acids, carotenoids, vitamins, and biometals.

Metabolites from mushrooms of the Basidiomycota taxon possess antioxidant, anticancer, and most significantly, anti-inflammatory properties.

Recent reports indicate that edible mushroom extracts exhibit favourable therapeutic and health-promoting benefits, particularly in relation to diseases associated with inflammation.

Edible mushrooms can be referred to as a “superfood” and are recommended as a valuable constituent of the daily diet.

Alongside its primary immune-boosting properties, this special complex supports everything from cognitive function, mental well-being and energy levels, to healthy digestion, lower levels of inflammation, protection from oxidative stress and general wellness.

NATURAL IMMUNITY

Plus with added energy boosting Astragalus and immune supporting Vitamin and for the reduction of tiredness and fatigue makes these convenient capsules the ideal all in one support all year round.

Vitamin C contributes to maintaining the normal function of the immune system.

It also contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of blood vessels, bones, cartilage, gums, skin and teeth, normal energy-yielding metabolism, normal functioning of the nervous system, normal psychological function, protection of cells from oxidative stress, the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, the regeneration of the reduced form of vitamin E and increases iron absorption.

ORGANIC & BIOAVAILABLE

The ingredients used in this food supplement have been certified organic by the Soil Association. This means no toxic pesticides or fertilisers have been used giving you a “clean” product. Being organic also helps the mushrooms to maintain bio-availability in your body.

Contains 90 Vegan Easy Take Capsules.

Take 1 capsule, 2-3 times per day, preferably with food.

Chaga mushroom (nonotus obliquus) has been used traditionally for centuries in botanical medicine across northern Europe, Russia, China and Korea to aid immune system function and boost overall health.

Chaga mushroom is a popular prescription in traditional medicine in Europe and Asia. Used to help with the reduction of inflammation and for its antioxidant and immune supporting properties helping to reduce oxidative stress. Overall this fibre rich mushroom is an excellent health tonic and detoxifier.

Chaga has also been widely used in traditional medicine in Asia to reduce inflammation in the nasopharynx and to facilitate breathing making Chaga an area of worldwide interest for further research.

Research into this super-fungus untapped potential has science excited about new the developments and innovations Chaga could bring..

Chaga’s Potential..

Chaga mushroom in both vitro and in vivo studies has demonstrated the following benefits:

Anti-tumour

Anti-mutagenic

Anti-viral

Anti-platelet 

Anti-diabetic 

Analgesic pain relieving

Immunomodulating

Antioxidant  

Anti-inflammatory

Chaga mushrooms importantly help to fight inflammation. Whilst short term inflammation is a natural response of your immune system. However, long-term chronic inflammation is linked to conditions like heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

Studies suggest that Chaga can positively impact immunity by reducing long-term inflammation and fighting harmful bacteria and viruses. It does so by promoting the formation of beneficial cytokines — specialised proteins that regulate the immune system.

It’s also suggested that Chaga mushroom can also support the immune system by stimulating white blood cells –  essential for fighting off harmful bacteria or viruses. 

A 2020 study considered Chaga as one of the most powerful antioxidants across the world.

Lion’s Mane Mushroom (Hericium erinaceusor), also known as Hedgehog Mushroom (“mountain’s priest”), is another edible fungus with a long history in traditional Chinese medicine.

Mushrooms are considered as nutritionally functional foods and source of physiologically beneficial medicines.

Studies show Lions Mane mushroom is rich in physiologically important components, especially β-glucan polysaccharides, which are responsible for these potential activities:

anti-cancer

immuno-modulating

hypolipidemic

antioxidant

neuro-protective

Lions Mane’s Potential..

Lions Mane’s exceptional nutritional and health-promoting properties have also been reported to have many more therapeutic potentials, including:

anti-microbial

anti-hypertensive

anti-diabetic

wound healing properties

boost the immune system by encouraging the growth of beneficial gut bacteria

support digestive health by reducing inflammation and prevent tissue damage in the intestines

Studies have found that Lions Mane mushroom may also reduce feelings of anxiousness and irritability.

Lion’s Mane is seen as one of nature’s most effective brain foods.

It may help support learning, memory, focus and concentration by assisting in the production of nerve growth factor.

Buddhist monks were said to have used Lion’s Mane in tea to enhance brain power, heighten their focus during meditation and benefit from its overall benefits on cognitive health.

Valued for its strong bioactive properties, Lions Mane mushroom shows promising potential as an excellent neuroprotective agent, capable of stimulating nerve growth factor release, regulating inflammatory processes, reducing oxidative stress, and safeguarding nerve cells from apoptosis.

The active compounds in the mushroom, such as erinacines and hericenones, have been the subject of research, providing evidence of their neuroprotective effects.

It has been used to treat cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease and is being studied as a potential alternative medicine for the treatment of depression.

A 2010 study looked at the clinical effects of Lion’s Mane on menopause, depression and sleep quality in 30 females with an average age of 41 years. It found that over 4 weeks Lion’s Mane alleviated the symptoms of depression, anxiety, frustration, and palpitation.

A further study on overweight and obese participants with a BMI over 25 with an average age of 53 found that Lion’s Mane significantly reduced depression and anxiety, as well as improvement on sleep disorders after 8 weeks. The observation was linked to an increase in peripheral pro-BDNF.

Bioactive compounds extracted from the mycelia and fruiting bodies of Lions Mane have been found to promote the expression of neurotrophic factors that are associated with cell proliferation such as nerve growth factors.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serves as a neurotransmitter modulator, and is essential for learning and memory. BDNF also  regulates glucose and energy metabolism and prevents exhaustion of β cells.

Decreased levels of BDNF are associated with neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis and Huntington’s disease and is also linked to depression.

Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), is another adaptogen fungus used in Asian countries including China, Japan and Korea to increase energy, boost the immune system and support general health and vitality.  

With its long history in traditional Chinese medicine, Reishi mushroom continues to be used in these countries as a nutraceutical, where it’s regular consumption is suggested to improve health, promote vitality and even extend life.

Studies show that Reishi mushroom’s health-promoting effects and medicinal reputation in the prevention and treatment of various metabolic disorders is thanks to its unique source of bioactive metabolites, primarily polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and polyphenols, attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory and, anti-neurodegenerative activities.

Rich in polyphenols with antioxidant properties, Reishi has been demonstrated to increase vital energy, stimulating the immune system, and promoting health, and to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, and blood pressure lowering properties. 

One of the other main benefits of Reishi mushroom is that it contains high levels of beta-glucan polysaccharides, one of the most powerful immune system boosters.

Medicinal mushrooms are rich sources of pharmacologically active compounds. Reishi contains: polysaccharides (α/β-D-glucans), alkaloids, triterpenoids (ganoderic acids, ganoderenic acids, ganoderol, ganoderiol, lucidenic acids), sterols/ergosterol, proteins, nucleosides (adenosine, inosine, uridine), and nucleotides.

These unique potential pharmaceutical properties have led to its demand as an important resource of nutrient supplements in the food industry.

Reishi’s Potential..

It is arguably the most effective mushroom for managing inflammation, as it works on the histamine pathways, re-regulating the immune response and influencing immune signalling.

For this reason, it may also be beneficial for respiratory health.

Studies also show that Reishi might be a useful dietary supplement to enhance physical performance of patients suffering from fibromyalgia.

After a 6-week treatment period, this mushroom ‘significantly improved aerobic endurance, lower body flexibility, and velocity’.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic rheumatic disease of unknown cause which is characterized by generalized pain, stiffness, and tenderness in specific points, and is commonly associated with other symptoms including muscular stiffness, depression, non-refreshing sleep, and cognitive impairments.

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) are members of a special group of medicinal fungi or mushrooms that have been used in Japan and South East Asia for thousands of years for its nutritional value and health benefits.

Shiitake mushroom has:

a low lipid content, high fibre content, and considerable amount of proteins

B vitamins & minerals

a wide range of functional metabolites including polysaccharides, polysaccharopeptides and lectins

has secondary metabolites with bioactivity, e.g. lentinan, a β-(1-3)-glucan with immunomodulatory activity, among others.

Shiitake’s Potential..

Shiitake mushroom is the first medicinal macro-fungus to enter the realm of modern biotechnology. It is the source of several well-studied preparations with proven pharmacological properties.

Extracts and pure compounds of shiitake exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, cytostatic, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activity.

It is the second most popular edible mushroom in the global market which is attributed not only to its nutritional value but also to possible potential for therapeutic applications.

Traditionally Shiitake mushroom is used medicinally for conditions involving depressed immune function, cancer, environmental allergies, fungal infection, frequent flu and colds, bronchial inflammation, heart disease, hyperlipidemia (including high blood cholesterol), hypertension, infectious disease, diabetes, hepatitis and regulating urinary inconsistencies.

They fight infection (by producing interferon, a group of natural proteins that stops viruses from multiplying).

Shiitake, like Lions Mane, is naturally rich in polysaccharides, especially lentinan which is a beta-glucan. and are also an excellent source of:

copper (supports skin and hair pigment)

antioxidant selenium

vitamin B5 pantothenic acid – vital for making blood cells, vitamin B5 helps convert the food you eat, protein, carbs and fats, into energy

Maitake mushroom (Grifola frondosais) is known to be a functional food that has a wide variety of medicinal purposes.

A traditional Chinese tonic used for over 2000 years, Maitake is considered to be an adaptogen, which means it can help the body to better manage its stress response on a day-to-day basis.

This medicinal mushroom has been used traditionally to help balance out the body, help with chronic fatigue, support immunity, blood pressure and for normalising blood sugar and cholesterol levels.

Maitake’s Potential..

As a source of beta-glucans and polysaccharides Maitake is increasingly being recognized as a potent source of polysaccharide compounds with dramatic health-promoting potential. 

Maitake mushroom is believed to be a potential choice as a therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases (oxidative stress and neuroinflammation being the main contributors).

Astragalus root (Astragali radix) is another medicinal herb with long history and wide application.

For over 2,000 years, it has been one of the 50 elite Chinese tonic herbs most frequently used in the Traditional Chinese Medicine pharmacopeia, due to its remarkable ability to restore health on virtually every level – mentally, emotionally, physically, energetically and spiritually.

It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi. Astragalus is one of the few herbs mentioned in ancient Chinese medical texts as a “Heaven Class” premier herbal medicine for restoring health and rejuvenating the body and mind at the deepest levels.

Astragalus is also classed as an adaptogens, its unique effects work to bring the body and mind into balance as needed, thereby helping to reduce stress and promote energy and vitality.

Widely referred to as “the ancient herb of longevity and strength”, a number of studies have shown that certain compounds in Astragalus root have measurable telomerase-stimulating and enhancing effects, which have been linked to increased longevity, anti-aging and DNA repair.

Astragalus has also become notable over the years for its powerful immune-boosting properties – studies have shown that regular use of Astragalus root leads to an increase in disease-fighting immune antibodies, stimulation of T-cells (which are powerful immune-regulating white blood cells) and an increase in levels of the anti-viral compound interferon.

Astragalus is widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines used as immune stimulant, tonic, antioxidant, hepatoprotectant, diuretic, antidiabetic, anticancer, and expectorant.

Its active components include flavonoids, free amino acids, trace minerals and polyphenols.

It is frequently used in prescriptions with other medicinal materials to replenish Qi.

According to the classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Astragali radix is attributed with properties such as Qi replenishing and surface solidifying, sore healing and muscle generating, and inducing diuresis to reduce edema.

Studies have reviewed the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragali Radix. More than 100 compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, and amino acids, have so far been identified,

Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that some extracts and active ingredients in Astragali radix function as antioxidants.

The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids in Astragali radix offer beneficial effects in preventing and controlling diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Currently, more than 400 natural compounds have been isolated and identified from A. Radix, mainly including saponins, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, and others.

The chemical constituents of Astragalus species mainly comprise terpenoids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides.

Modern pharmacological studies have shown that A. Radix has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-atherosclerotic, cardioprotective, anti-hypertensive, and anti-aging effects.

It has been clinically used in the treatment of tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular complications associated with diabetes with few side effects and high safety.

Astragalus’s Potential..

Astragalus and their biologically active constituents as potential candidates for the protection against and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders to show the potential efficacy of Astragalus sp. and its active ingredients in treating some neurological diseases. 

The extracts and phytochemical compounds of Astragalus species exhibit various pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumor, anticonvulsive, immunomodulatory, and other activities.

Based on the current literature, Astragalus is a promising dietary herb with multiple potential signal modulating applications that mainly include the modulation of neurotransmitters and receptors, anti-inflammatory activities, inhibition of amyloid aggregation, induction of myelin sheath repair and neurogenesis, as well as activation of the signalling pathways relevant to neurological diseases.

Acerola cherries are nutrient-dense and exceptionally high in naturally bio-available vitamin C.

In addition to its remarkable high Vitamin C content, Acerola contains:

Proteins

Fats

Carbohydrates

Iron

Calcium

Phosphorus

Vitamins Thiamine, Riboflavine, Piridoxine.

They also contain Carotenoids and Bioflavonoids which provide important nutritive value with potential antioxidant use. 

Acerola’s Potential..

As a rich source of vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds Acerola may provide a number of health-promoting benefits, particularly related to its strong anti-free radical effects and anti-inflammatory effects.

Black pepper helps potentiate the absorption and effect of the other herbal actives for a more effective supplement.

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the most widely used spices. Valued for its distinct biting quality attributed to the alkaloid, Piperine and is also known to enhance the bioavailability of a number phytochemicals (herbals).

Black pepper is used not only in human diets but also for a variety of other purposes such as medicinal and health-promoting effects with many physiological effects being reported in recent decades.

Piperine’s Potential..

Studies show Piperine has many pharmacological effects and several health benefits, especially against chronic diseases, such as reduction of insulin-resistance and anti-inflammatory effects.

Various in vitro and in vivo experimental trials Piperine displays numerous pharmacological effects including:

Antiproliferative

Antitumor

Antiangiogenesis

Antioxidant

Anti-diabetic

Anti-Obesity

Cardioprotective

Anti-microbial

Anti-Aging

and Immunomodulatory effects

Furthermore, Piperine has also been documented to be:

Hepatoprotective

Anti-Allergic

Anti-Inflammatory

Neuroprotective properties

Increased Bio-Availability & Absorption

With the Pretty Pea promise to bring you the best supplements possible, Piperine has also been added to increase the absorption and utilisation of the Mushrooms and nutrients in this formula.

Piperine is known to enhance the bioavailability of a number of therapeutic drugs and phytochemicals (herbals).

Piperine’s bioavailability enhancing property being partly attributed to increased absorption.

Piperine favourably stimulates the digestive enzymes enhancing digestive capacity and significantly reducing the gastrointestinal food transit time.

Results may vary from person to person.

Store in a cool dry place, out of the reach of children.

Best before date: see base of container.

Caution: Do not exceed the recommended daily intake. 

Supplements should not be used as a substitute for a balanced and varied diet and healthy lifestyle. 

Always consult your doctor before taking any supplements or changing your diet.

As with all supplements, if you feel unwell, stop taking this product immediately and seek medical advice

Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioactive Compounds, Use, and Clinical Trials – PubMed (nih.gov)

Bioactivities and Health Benefits of Mushrooms Mainly from China – PubMed (nih.gov)

An insight into the nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms: A natural treasury for human health – PubMed (nih.gov)

Nature’s Own Pharmacy: Mushroom-Based Chemical Scaffolds and Their Therapeutic Implications – PubMed (nih.gov)

Anti-inflammatory properties of edible mushrooms: A review – PubMed (nih.gov)

A review of the therapeutic and biological effects of edible and wild mushrooms – PubMed (nih.gov)

Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum – PubMed (nih.gov)

Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Bioactive Components, Nutritional Value and Application in Functional Food Production-A Review – PubMed (nih.gov)

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) an edible mushroom; a comprehensive and critical review of its nutritional, cosmeceutical, mycochemical, pharmacological, clinical, and toxicological properties – PubMed (nih.gov)

Therapeutic potential and nutritional significance of Ganoderma lucidum – a comprehensive review from 2010 to 2022 – PubMed (nih.gov)

Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values (degruyter.com)

Chemical characterization and biological activity of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a medicinal “mushroom” – PubMed (nih.gov)

A novel promising neuroprotective agent: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide – PubMed (nih.gov)

Antimutagenic effects of subfractions of Chaga mushroom (Inonotus obliquus) extract – PubMed (nih.gov)

Aqueous extract from a Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (higher Basidiomycetes), prevents herpes simplex virus entry through inhibition of viral-induced membrane fusion – PubMed (nih.gov)

Isolation and characterization of a novel platelet aggregation inhibitory peptide from the medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus – PubMed (nih.gov)

Chaga mushroom: a super-fungus with countless facets and untapped potential – PubMed (nih.gov)

Recent Developments in Inonotus obliquus (Chaga mushroom) Polysaccharides: Isolation, Structural Characteristics, Biological Activities and Application – PubMed (nih.gov)

Hericium erinaceus: an edible mushroom with medicinal values – PubMed (nih.gov)

Therapeutic Potential of Hericium erinaceus for Depressive Disorder – PubMed (nih.gov)

Chemistry, Nutrition, and Health-Promoting Properties of Hericium erinaceus (Lion’s Mane) Mushroom Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia and Their Bioactive Compounds – PubMed (nih.gov)

Neurohealth Properties of Hericium erinaceus Mycelia Enriched with Erinacines – PubMed (nih.gov)

Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Effects of Hericium erinaceus – PubMed (nih.gov)

Neurotrophic properties of the Lion’s mane medicinal mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Higher Basidiomycetes) from Malaysia – PubMed (nih.gov)

Review of Bioactive Molecules Production, Biomass, and Basidiomata of Shiitake Culinary-Medicinal Mushrooms, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes) – PubMed (nih.gov)

Lentinus edodes: a macrofungus with pharmacological activities – PubMed (nih.gov)

Maitake extracts and their therapeutic potential – PubMed (nih.gov)

Maitake Medicinal Mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Agaricomycetes), and Its Neurotrophic Properties: A Mini-Review – PubMed (nih.gov)

Reishi Mushroom | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)

Review of the botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceus (Huangqi) – PubMed (nih.gov)

The Antioxidant Action of Astragali radix: Its Active Components and Molecular Basis – PubMed (nih.gov)

Astragali Radix: comprehensive review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application – PubMed (nih.gov)

Astragalus species: Phytochemistry, biological actions and molecular mechanisms underlying their potential neuroprotective effects on neurological diseases – PubMed (nih.gov)

The acerola fruit: composition, productive characteristics and economic importance] – PubMed (nih.gov)

Acerola (Malpighia emarginata) Anti-Inflammatory Activity-A Review – PubMed (nih.gov)

Piperine: A review of its biological effects – PubMed (nih.gov)

Black pepper and its pungent principle-piperine: a review of diverse physiological effects – PubMed (nih.gov)

Piperine and Its Role in Chronic Diseases – PubMed (nih.gov)